Heteroatom-doped carbon anode materials for potassium-ion batteries: From mechanism, synthesis to electrochemical performance

Carbonaceous materials are attractive anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) because of their cost-effectiveness, high conductivity, and considerable architecture. However, these carbon usually exhibit slow diffusion kinetics huge volume variation induced by the large ionic size K-ions, resulting in poor rate capability cycling stability. Compared to pure carbon, heteroatom (N, S, P, O)-doped carbons can well improve potassium storage performance optimizing K-adsorption ability and, hence, a significant potential PIBs. This review in-detail summarizes recent progress heteroatom-doped anodes based on mechanism, design or synthesis strategies, electrochemical performance, mainly including single-, bi-, tri-element doped carbons. Moreover, some critical issues possible solutions development future discussed. aims at providing deep insight into understanding, designing, application PIBs is expected make an obvious effect exploration other anodes.